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This blog collects supplemental data on lesser worlds of the solar system (like Pluto and Titan) that have not (yet) been included in our books. You may contribute to our blog with brief articles that we will on your request also translate for our monolingual audience. The only precondition: Your content must in some way relate to dwarf planets or large moons of the solar system.

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Posts mit dem Label NASA werden angezeigt. Alle Posts anzeigen
Posts mit dem Label NASA werden angezeigt. Alle Posts anzeigen

Freitag, 19. Januar 2018

NEW: Enceladus - Iceland of Space

Among the moons of the ringed planet, Saturn, little Enceladus was the primary target of the Cassini space probe other than huge Titan. And for good reason: Apart from Jupiter’s moon Europa, Enceladus is these days considered the most promising target in the quest for extraterrestrial life in the solar system. In this respect, the moons and dwarf planets of the outer solar system have left long-favoured planet Mars behind by now.
  Only the last ten years have made evident to us that cold worlds need not be frozen to the core and inanimate. Traces of past or even present activities like earthquakes, geysers, eruptions, snowfalls or even tidal surges can be found on locations from the innermost dwarf planet Ceres to its big brother Pluto far away behind the orbits of the large Jovian giants.
  NASA has made it a habit to claim ‘oceans’ in the netherworlds of icy bodies in and beyond the planetoid belt wherever it looks. It may sound encouraging at press conferences because it makes many an audience think of fish, jellyfish and coral. On Enceladus, alleged ‘geysers’ even spray water vapour into the sky, evoking mental images of the Yellowstone National Park, of Iceland or just of Andernach in Germany. Textbook articles, on the other hand, often refer more reservedly to those briny waters inside lesser worlds of the solar system as ‘liquid mantles’.
  Both approaches are justifiable, depending on whether you prefer to think in terms associated with water, like a biologist does, or rather like a physicist or volcanologist who prefers to emphasise the analogy of dynamic processes developing on Earth and elsewhere.
  We use the latter approach in this book. That way, dynamic phenomena on Enceladus can be described more succinctly, elaborating on the similarities with planets like Earth. For like our homeworld, this minor body is divided into a solid shell, a liquid mantle and, again, a solid core. The geysers, as we will see, closest resemble fissure vents of Iceland hurling molten lava up in long curtains of fire. It seems justified to call Enceladus the Iceland of Space: an Iceland of ice, water and vapour.
  Ice plays the role of basalt there, water assumes the role of magma. Volcanologists like to use terms such as cryovolcanism, cryomagma and cryolava to emphasise the differences in chemistry, while the physics stay the same.
  Given all the media attention Enceladus has received as the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft crisscrossed Saturn’s system from 2005 to 2017, we find it surprising that no book publisher has so far taken on this fascinatingly exotic world that looks like the backdrop of an imaginative sci-fi film.
  In view of the continuing success of our previous books on lesser worlds of the solar system: ‘Pluto & Charon’, ‘Titan - Pluto’s big brother’ and ‘Ceres - Pluto’s little sister’, we have therefore decided to close this gap in the German- and English-speaking markets. Readers who would like to penetrate deeper into the subject are encouraged to read forthcoming ‘Enceladus and the Icy Moons of Saturn’ (ISBN: 0816537070) scheduled to be published in the USA in June 2018 and aiming at the professional audience. Regarding our own series we would like to draw special attention to the ‘Titan’ volume, because it deals with elements of the Cassini-Huygens mission alluded to but not specified in this book.

Print or eBook: Enceladus - Iceland of Space
Sample chaptersEnceladus - Iceland of Space

Donnerstag, 22. Juni 2017

Free kindle edition of "Ceres: Pluto's little sister" provided for a limited time

"Like the Lonely Mountain Erebor in J. R. R. Tolkien's mythology, Ahuna Mons on Ceres was once occupied by a dragon, but one that 'breathed' ice, not fire."
- Bill Steigerwald, Goddard Space Flight Center
The Lonely Mountain is unique on Ceres and, matter of fact, in the entire solar system. Unfortunately, it had not been treated yet in any book, that's why we have published one ourselves. Three members of the Astronomical Society Urania Wiesbaden have joined to compile what we know about this minor world - the latest article referenced was published five days before this book!
In our latest campaign, the English Kindle edition will be available for free from Friday, June 22, to Sunday, June 24. The large-format full-colour printed edition is available from Amazon, Createspace and related services.
The live video recording of our latest public lecture on Ceres (in German) is available here:


Mittwoch, 19. April 2017

New release: "Ceres: Pluto's little sister"

When at New Year’s eve of 1801 - the first night of the new century - Guiseppe Piazzi watched through his telescope and saw a tiny point of light that no star map had registered, he could hardly gave anticipated how, by this discovery, he revolutionised our understanding of the structure of our solar system.
Up to then, only the sun, seven planets (the planet Uranus had been discovered by F. W. Herschel as late as 1781), their moons and a few comets had been known. When Ceres was discovered, it was first considered a comet, then it was classified as a planet. It was supposed that Ceres was that very world that had been predicted by astronomers for long to fill the gap between Mars and Jupiter. Within a short time, Pallas, Juno and Vesta were also discovered, that orbit in the same gap between Mars and Jupiter. Thus our planetary system grew to 11 planets. 38 years went by, however, until Astraea was found in 1845 (also between Mars and Jupiter), followed by Neptune in the year after. Now we reckoned even 13 planets.
When in 1847, the first detection of Hebe initiated a deluge of new discoveries, the true nature of these objects between Mars and Jupiter was finally acknowledged, and scientists coined the terms asteroids, planetoids or minor planets for them, took them out of the list of planets and numbered them by order of discovery, beginning with (1) Ceres. Now there were only eight major planets left, including Uranus and Neptune, while the number of minor planets steadily grew. When Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto in the vastness beyond Neptune in 1930, it was listed as a ninth planet.
Only sixty years after, in the nineties of the last century, evidence was found that the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter was paired with another belt of minor solar system bodies beyond Neptune, now called the Kuiper Belt. The objects there consist mainly of ice, mixed with silicates and organic compounds. Some of them are wider than 1000 km, meaning they are larger than Ceres. And only then it became obvious that Pluto is nothing else than another of these bodies, now called TNOs (Trans-Neptunian Objects) or KBOs (Kuiper Belt Objects).
In summer 2006, the International Astronomical Union, or IAU, during its general assembly in Prague decided for a new definition of the term planet. Since then, a planet of the sun has to meet two criteria: 1.) It must be in hydrostatic equilibrium on account of its gravity, i. e. be spherical. 2.) It must be the dominating object in its sphere of influence and have its orbit cleared of other objects.
Though Pluto is perfectly spherical, as the images of the New Horizons space probe have impressively shown us, it fails on the other criterion, because it shares its orbit, intersecting that of Neptune, with about a third of the newly discovered TNOs. Therefore Pluto was no more a planet. Not to degrade it too lowly, however, a new category was designed for it: the dwarf planets. Though they must fulfil the first criterion, to be spherical, they may share similar orbits with a variety of objects. Within the scope of this new definition, spherical Ceres, reckoned as a minor planet for 150 years, has suddenly become a dwarf planet.
Ceres is the largest body is in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. With a diameter of 1000 km, it is about twice as wide as the next largest asteroids, Pallas and Vesta. About one third of the total mass of the asteroid belt is included in the mass of Ceres.
Once it had been believed that the asteroids were fragments of a larger planet that had orbited between Mars and Jupiter and burst in a cosmic disaster. This hypothetical planet, however, could not have been very big: If you could assemble all the minor bodies of the asteroid belt on Ceres, its diameter would grow only by about half its current size. The asteroid belt simply does not contain enough material to provide for a larger planet. Its total mass amounts only to about half a thousandth that of Earth or about 4 % of the mass of our Moon. In the early stage of the solar system, the gravity of the rapidly growing proto-Jupiter had sucked too much material away from this area so that no proper planet could have developed there. Ceres is only a protoplanet that had not been given a chance to accrete into a true planet.
To understand these processes better, that is why the Dawn mission had been launched. (The name was chosen as a reference to the dawn of the solar system because the mission was intended to provide us insight into the origin of planets.) The camera on board of Dawn has been built in Germany, by the same team that had been in charge of the camera on the comet probe Rosetta. It is a masterpiece of German engineering that should make us proud and the product of long-standing experience with cameras on probes like Giotto or Mars Express. This should be underlined in an era of receding space budgets and fading interest in natural sciences. The camera has not only produced marvellous images of Ceres but, in the end, even saved the continuation of the Dawn mission because, when the US administration had stopped the Dawn project because it was surpassing the budgetary limit, it was just this international cooperation that yet kept the project alive.
Join a fascinating trip to Ceres in this book by Andreas Möhn and Metka Klemenčič with its impressive images: to a body that has not fully managed to become a true planet and has been caught in the protoplanetary stage yet given us thereby important knowledge about the dawn of our solar system and the origin of our own planet.
Dr Rainer Riemann
Heidelberg, in March 2017

The English translation is online and available for a sample read:
https://www.academia.edu/32503897/Leseprobe_Ceres_GB.pdf
The complete printed book is available here: https://www.amazon.com/dp/1545462933/ref=sr_1_1…

Donnerstag, 6. April 2017

Ceres' Temporary Atmosphere Linked to Solar Activity

Diese Publikation hat es nicht mehr in unser Buch geschafft. Wir merken es an dieser Stelle für die zweite Auflage vor:
This publication did not make it into the book any more. We record it here for inclusion in a future second edition.

Ceres' Temporary Atmosphere Linked to Solar Activity